Schenk Line Usage

Air and moisture sensitive experiments are a valuable part of inorganic chemistry. Tools such as the Schenk Line, a vacuum manifold connected to a vacuum pump, paired with an inert gas manifold connected to a source of purified and dry inert gas vented through a bubbler, allow for such experiments to be more easily carried out. However, information regarding the usage of this tool can be difficult to locate and access. 

To address this, Andryj Borys has released the Schlenk Line Survival Guide. This comprehensive free guide covers basic operations including setting up the Schenk Line and “cycling” along with some more complex procedures. Any researchers interested in air and moisture experiments, especially those that require usage of the Schenk Line, should check out this resource. 

Introduction to Pressure Vessel Safety and Regulations

Pressure vessels are closed containers designed to hold materials under greater than atmospheric pressure. Due to the risk of potentially dangerous and destructive incidents caused by over pressurization, there are substantial regulations put in place by both the state of Maryland and the university itself, regulation that must be understood by all researchers interested in using this equipment.  

Main points regarding this regulation: 

  1. Maryland regulates boilers and pressure vessels with a few exceptions. (see pressure-vessel law details below). Noncompliance can draw a $5,000 fine, plus the risk to life, limb, and property from the possibly faulty pressure vessel.  
  1. Pressure vessels MUST be built to the American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME) Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code. Make sure you order an ASME-code vessel because, while some states allow non-code vessels, Maryland is not one of them. There are some exceptions for small, low-pressure vessels. 
  1. An ASME-code vessel will come with a nameplate bearing the manufacturer’s stamp (a “U” for unfired pressure vessels). There will also be a “U1A” data form; do not lose it because you are not permitted to operate the vessel (which includes leaving it under pressure) without the U1A. 
  1. All pressure vessels need appropriate pressure safety relief protection, usually in the form of a safety relief valve or a rupture disc (a scored metal diaphragm that bursts at a preset pressure). Consult a qualified mechanical or chemical engineer for assistance with this. 
  1. Pressure vessels must be inspected before use and every 2 years by an independent inspection agency. Contact Facilities to arrange this for your vessel. Note that the State of Maryland requires 30 days’ notice before issuing pressure vessel permits, so plan accordingly. 

Researchers should not order or commission a pressure vessel without first contacting Laboratory Safety Advocate Dr. Dan Kuespert at 410-516-5525 or [email protected], or Laser Safety Advocate Mr. Niel Leon at 913-302-8500 or [email protected]. 

Further Resources: 

How to be a Lab Safety Buddy

Many lab activities are hazardous, some sufficiently so that someone should be watching and standing by in case of emergency. Understand how to be a such a bystander, a lab safety buddy, by recognizing your role(s) and obtaining appropriate safety training. 

A lab safety buddy may have a range of roles depending on the lab work being performed and its hazards. In some cases, a buddy may only be expected to call his or her partner at set intervals to check in, but with more hazardous work, a buddy may need to be present in the lab. Safe experimentation requires that you and the lab partner you’re “buddy-ing” with establish clear roles and communicate effectively.  

Your principal investigator will decide exactly which work requires the buddy system, but you and your partner can apply it to more lab activities if you wish.  

In addition to having a clear understanding of the experiment or activity being done, you and your buddy must have the proper safety training to deal with the accompanying hazards and respond to any incidents. This includes contacting Security at 410-516-7777 for emergency response, properly evacuating an affected area, recording all information pertaining to the incident, and contacting Health, Safety, and Environment at 410-516-8798 before re-entering the lab. 

If you have any questions about lab safety buddies, contact Dr. Daniel Kuespert, Homewood Laboratory Safety Advocate, at [email protected]. 

You Only Get One Pair (of Eyes)

The title says it all: The Hospital is out of stock on replacement eyeballs, so it falls to you to protect the ones you have. Fortunately, you have your last line of defense—your eye protection. Remember which types are for which hazards (links below are examples, not recommendations; contact me if you need help choosing safety eyewear):

  •       Safety glasses protect against impact.
  •       Direct-vent safety goggles also protect against impact. If you wear prescription glasses and don’t have prescription safety glasses, this is your best choice for impact.
  •       Indirect-vent chemical splash goggles protect against impact and chemical splash. These are your only appropriate choice when working with chemicals.

Chemical splash goggles are required when handling corrosive chemicals or any chemical labeled as a hazard to the eye (e.g., irritants). You may be able to use safety glasses with mild chemicals such as buffer solutions, but remember that buffer solutions often have hazardous ingredients. If your eyes will be unhappy if you are hit with a splash, wear chemical splash goggles.

Safety goggles, particularly the indirect-vent kind, are prone to fogging internally, especially in hot, humid conditions (think Baltimore in August). There are three ways to prevent fogging: 1. Wear goggles with a built-in antifog protection. 2. If you have antifog goggles and they’re still fogging up, wash the goggles. Dirt and dust provide places for fog to nucleate on the lenses. 3. Use antifog wipes such as these, which are claimed to extend the fog-free time for antifog goggles by 60X!

If you have questions about eye protection, contact Dr. Daniel Kuespert, Homewood Laboratory Safety Advocate, at [email protected]. See Dr. Kuespert’s website, https://labsafety.jhu.edu, for more safety information. As always, emergency response is available from Security at 410-516-7777.

Some Safety Measures Are Better Than Others: The Hierarchy of Controls

We do a variety of things to maintain safety in the lab: wearing safety goggles, using biological safety cabinets, following specific procedures. Not all of these safety measures are equally protective. We safety professionals use the NIOSH Hierarchy of Controls as a guide to which sorts of safety measures are preferred over others.

The Hierarchy of Controls gives five levels of hazard control, from most preferred to least (wording from the NIOSH source above):

1.     Elimination: Physically remove the hazard.

2.     Substitution: Replace the hazard (presumably with something less hazardous).

3.     Engineering Controls: Isolate people from the hazard.

4.     Administrative Controls: Change the way people work.

5.     Personal Protective Equipment (PPE): Protect the worker with PPE.

The reason for this order of preference is effectiveness. Administrative controls, for example, depend on (unreliable) human beings to follow procedures and rules without fail; a built-in control, such as a fume hood, tends to be more effective.

If you have questions about the NIOSH Hierarchy of Controls, contact Dr. Daniel Kuespert, Homewood Laboratory Safety Advocate, at [email protected]. See Dr. Kuespert’s website, https://labsafety.jhu.edu, for more safety information. As always, emergency response is available from Security at 410-516-7777.

Safely Vacating a Laboratory

Why might you vacate a lab? While the reasons vary from temporary renovations to permanent  relocation, health and safety needs remain the same. This safety note will help you safely vacate a laboratory, whether you are a principal investigator (PI) or another lab researcher, and help you leave the lab in a safe state for the next occupant.  

What do I do? 

  1. Before vacating the lab space, you (or alternately your department administrator) must contact Health, Safety, and Environment (HSE) staff to arrange an inspection of the area.   
  2. Clean-out can be lengthy. Provide notice as early as possible.  
  3. Contact HSE at 410-516-8798.  
  4. HSE will inventory the hazardous materials in the lab and will provide an action list for the PI. The list covers:  
  5. Safely removing all hazardous materials from the lab;  
  6. Disposing of these materials safely; and 
  7. Decontaminating all laboratory surfaces that may have biological, chemical, and/or radioactive materials on them, including equipment.  
  8. The PI must address the noted issues note unless HSE gives other instructions.  
  9. HSE may involve an outside contractor for special issues. Have a representative present so as to guarantee disposal of only unwanted materials.   
  10. After addressing the checklist, contact HSE for a final inspection and a release certificate. 

JHU Policy 

Available Laser Training and Self-Study Resources

Lasers are a valuable tool for conducting good science in the lab environment. However, safe science is good science, so it is incredibly important that all researchers using lasers understand their safe operation to avoid any incidents.  

Laser safety is a broad and comprehensive topic that requires proper training and materials to address. For information on laser safety training see here. This link will guide you through finding and taking the correct laser safety training depending on your role and exposure risk.   

Additionally, for more information or self-study materials, check out the Safe Laser Use page on the JHU Lab Safety website. This is your place to go for lab safety resources on the Homewood campus. We cover a variety of specific topics that you as a student or researcher must know.   

Finally, further information on general laser usage and safety, including relevant laws and regulation can be found on the Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) Laser Hazards page and the Laser Institute of America. These two sources provide a large range of additional training and reference materials for anyone interested in maximizing laser safety within their work and research environment.   

Contact Mr. Niel Leon, Laser Safety Advocate, at 913-302-8500 or [email protected] for more information about laser training and self-study resources. 

Lessons Learned Database

Understanding previous incidents, close calls, or potential shortcomings is crucial to not only establishing, but maintaining a safe lab environment. The U.S. Department of Energy’s (DOE) OPEXShare Lessons Learned database is a fantastic resource to find the most up-to-date news regarding safety errors and investigations from labs across the country. 

To access the database, first go to opexshare.doe.gov. Here you will not only find the Lessons Learned database, but also a collection of recent news stories and other content regarding lab safety. Once on the homepage, click the “Lessons Learned” banner which will redirect you to the database. From here, you can sort through lessons with categories such as type, topic, and site/group.  

Some of the more than 2800 lessons in the database include pressure vessel failure events and improper labeling. There is likely to be a situation or topic relevant to your lab.